Description:
DXM is an antitussive (cough suppressant) drug. It is one of the active ingredients in many over-
the-counter cold and cough medicines, including generic labels and store brands, Benylin DM,
Mucinex DM, Robitussin, NyQuil, Dimetapp, Vicks, Coricidin, Delsym, TheraFlu, and others.
Dextromethorphan has also found other uses in medicine, ranging from pain relief to
psychological applications. It is sold in syrup, tablet, spray, and lozenge forms.
In its pure form, dextromethorphan occurs as a white powder.
Application:
DXM is also used recreationally. When exceeding label-specified maximum dosages,
dextromethorphan acts as a dissociative hallucinogen. Its mechanism of action is via multiple
effects, including actions as a nonselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and a sigma-1 receptor
agonist. The major metabolite of DXM, dextrorphan, also acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist.
In high doses this produces effects similar to, yet distinct from, the dissociative states created by
other dissociative anaesthetic .
Usage:
1. An antitussive drug. Orally active synthetic morphine analog. Analgesic (narcotic).
Racemethorphan and levomethorpham are controlled substances (opiates).
2. Antitussive; Opioid ligand
Medical use:
Generic Dextromethorphan syrup.
The primary use of dextromethorphan is as a cough suppressant, for the temporary relief of
cough caused by minor throat and bronchial irritation (such as commonly accompanies the flu
and common cold), as well as those resulting from inhaled particle irritants.
A study showed that dextromethorphan was no more effective for children than a placebo.
Studies conducted by the American Academy of Pediatrics show that dextromethorphan is not
superior to a placebo in providing nocturnal symptom relief for children with cough and sleep
difficulty due to upper respiratory infections.
A combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, has been shown to
alleviate symptoms of easy laughing and crying (pseudobulbar affect) in patients with
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis.Dextromethorphan is also being investigated
as a possible treatment for neuropathic pain and pain associated with fibromyalgia. In 2010, the
FDA approved the combination product dextromethorphan/quinidine (Nuedexta) for the treatment
of pseudobulbar affect (PBA).

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